This section is part of a larger document, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
AND WOMEN'S LIVES: A BIBLIOGRAPHY, compiled by Linda Shult for
the Office of the Women's Studies Librarian, 430 Memorial
Library, 728 State St., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Originally
published February 1996. Email: the Women's Studies Librarian.
World Wide Web site:
http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/WomensStudies/
ONLINE USAGE
This section gathers information about women using the online
environment, primarily the Internet. It doesn't include electronic
resources themselves (see "Electronic Resources" instead), but focuses
on how women view and use online resources such as email, discussion
groups, etc. Because this is an area of rapid change, some of the
articles listed cover stages of online development superceded by newer
technologies, but are included as they provide a fuller history of the
field and offer conceptual frameworks valid for analyzing future online
developments.
Atkinson, Steven D. and Judith Hudson, eds. WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH IN
WOMEN'S STUDIES USING ONLINE DATABASES. New York: Haworth Press, 1990.
420p.
This collection of sixteen articles touches on the range of
information (and lack of it) available on women in the online databases
available to researchers. Among the topics: coverage in humanities,
social/behavioral sciences, biomedical, legal, and business-related
databases; locating information on lesbians, women of color, women in
developing countries, women in sports, women in government; finding
women's studies materials and feminist perspectives, using reference
and online bibliographic databases.
Balas, Janet L. "Women's Information Resource Exchange (WIRE)."
COMPUTERS IN LIBRARIES v.14, no.4 (April 1994): 25-26.
A brief description of what was at the time an online information
service based in San Francisco (now part of CompuServe).
Balka, Ellen. "Womantalk Goes On-Line: The Use of Computer Networks in
the Context of Feminist Social Change." Vancouver, BC, Canada: Ph.D.
dissertation, Simon Fraser University, 1993. 422p.
Analysis of four computer networks used for social change, concluding
that women's organizations will benefit little from the existing design
of such networks because of the social biases inherent in them.
Bezanson, Deborah. "Women and Government Online: Two Case Studies."
WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S STUDIES USING ONLINE DATABASES,
ed. Steven D. Atkinson and Judith Hudson, pp.385-396. New York: Haworth
Press, 1990.
Brail, Stephanie. "Take Back the Net! Don't Let On-Line's Dirty Little
Secret Prevent You From Exploring Cyberspace." ON THE ISSUES v.3, no.1
(Winter 1994): 39-42.
Notes the online harassment experienced by some women in an
environment where they are largely a minority, but also mentions such
services as ECHO (East Coast) and Women's Wire (West Coast) that offer
woman-friendly Internet access.
Broadhurst, Judith. THE WOMAN'S GUIDE TO ONLINE SERVICES. New York:
McGraw, 1995. c.418p. bibl. index. ill.
A guide (useful to men as well) to newcomers to the online
environment, with discussion of online stalking, locating sites for
children and for career advice, and specific information about online
services.
Broadhurst, Judith. "On-line Gold Mines." WORKING WOMAN v.18
(September 1993): 80-81.
Looks at online resources such as bulletin boards and networks.
Bromley, Hank. "Gender Dynamics Online: What's New About the New
Communication Technologies?" FEMINIST COLLECTIONS v.16, no.2 (Winter
1995): 16-19.
Bromley examines women's access to and participation in online
resources such as discussion lists and discovers that "women are faring
little better on this medium than on its predecessors" (p.16).
Cardman, Elizabeth. "The Gender Gap in Computer Use: Implications for
Bibliographic Instruction." RESEARCH STRATEGIES v.8, no.3 (1990):
116-128.
Collins-Jarvis, Lori A. "Gender Representation in an Electronic City
Hall: Female Adoption of Santa Monica's PEN System." JOURNAL OF
BROADCASTING & ELECTRONIC MEDIA v.37, no.1 (Winter 1993): 49-65.
Examines possible factors, including public access terminals and
restructuring of the network toward a more welcoming environment, that
led women to use Santa Monica's Public Electronic Networking system at
a much higher rate than other such networks.
Darcy, Robert, et al. "Women & Politics Data Bases." WOMEN & POLITICS
v.1, no.4 (Winter 1980-81): 77-81; v.2, nos.1-2 (Spring-Summer 1982):
115-120; v.2, no.3 (Fall 1982): 69-76; v.2, no.4 (Winter 1982):
125-128.
This series of columns offers abstracts of machine-readable data
bases in a variety of fields of interest to researchers studying women
and politics.
Davidson, Keay. "Liberte, Egalite, Internete." NEW SCIENTIST v.146
(May 27, 1995): 38-42.
Examines the idea of democratization as a result of electronic
communication.
Dentinger, Susan. "Using the Internet to Reach Libraries: Part I."
FEMINIST COLLECTIONS v.12, no.3 (Spring 1991): 8-11.
Briefly explains the Internet, what it can be used for, and how to
access library catalogs using this electronic network.
Dentinger, Susan. "Using the Internet to Reach Libraries and
Databases: Part II." FEMINIST COLLECTIONS v.12, no.4 (Summer 1991):
11-15.
Looks at how to discover what's available on the Internet, suggests
some Internet guides, gives an example of FTP, and introduces WMST-L
women's studies list.
Detlefsen, Ellen Gay. "Issues of Access to Information About Women."
WOMEN'S COLLECTIONS: LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES, AND CONSCIOUSNESS, ed.
Suzanne Hildenbrand, pp.163-171. New York: Haworth Press, 1986.
Notes the lack of information resources on feminism/women's studies
in general, with specific attention to sparse online services and
indexes, but also describes some promising online resources developing
during the 1980's. Also published in SPECIAL COLLECTIONS v.3, nos.3/4
[1986].
Dibbell, Julian. "A Rape in Cyberspace." THE VILLAGE VOICE (December
21, 1993): 36-42. Also available via anonymous ftp from
parcftp.xerox.com as file/pub/MOO/papers/VillageVoice.txt, and will be
part of the next edition of COMPUTERIZATION AND CONTROVERSY: VALUE
CONFLICTS AND SOCIAL CHOICES, ed. Charles Dunlop and Rob Kling (1st
ed., Academic Press, 1991). See also FLAME WARS: THE DISCOURSE OF
CYBERCULTURE, ed. Mark Dery (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994),
pp.237-261.
Discussion of an attack on the female character of a woman using a
MUD (Multi-User Dungeon, a role-playing game) through manipulation of
the character by a male MUD user.
Dickstein, Ruth and Karen Williams. "Social and Behavioral Sciences
Databases." WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S STUDIES USING ONLINE
DATABASES, ed. Steven D. Atkinson and Judith Hudson, pp.73-94. New
York: Haworth Press, 1990.
Dolan, Donna R. "Exploring the Coverage of Women in Biomedical
Databases." WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S STUDIES USING ONLINE
DATABASES, ed. Steven D. Atkinson and Judith Hudson, pp.95-121. New
York: Haworth Press, 1990.
Durniak, Barbara Ammerman. "Researching Information About Women in
Reference Databases: Advances and Limitations." WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH
IN WOMEN'S STUDIES USING ONLINE DATABASES, ed. Steven D. Atkinson and
Judith Hudson, pp.175-203. New York: Haworth Press, 1990.
Ebben, Maureen Majella. WOMEN ON THE NET: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF
GENDER DYNAMICS ON THE SOC.WOMEN COMPUTER NETWORK. Urbana, IL:
Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 1994. 311p.
Elmer-Dewitt, Philip. "On a Screen Near You: Cyberporn." TIME v.146
(July 3, 1995): 38-45.
The famous cover story featuring a Carnegie Mellon report on online
pornography.
Erlich, Reese. "Sexual Harassment an Issue on the High-tech Frontier."
MACWEEK (December 14, 1992): 20-21.
Falk, Joyce Duncan. "Humanities [databases]." WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH
IN WOMEN'S STUDIES USING ONLINE DATABASES, ed. Steven D. Atkinson and
Judith Hudson, pp.7-72. New York: Haworth Press, 1990.
Compares/contrasts sixteen databases in the humanities as to subject
content and indexing vocabulary related to women.
Falk, Joyce Duncan. "The New Technology for Research in European
Women's History: `Online' Bibliographies." SIGNS v.9, no.1 (Autumn
1983): 120-133.
An introduction to primary and secondary sources for database
searching, query format, and possible databases to search.
FEMINIST COLLECTIONS: A QUARTERLY OF WOMEN'S STUDIES RESOURCES v.17,
no.2 (Winter 1996); special issue: "Information Technology and Women's
Studies: Reports from the Field," ed. Phyllis Holman Weisbard and Linda
Shult.
Fey, Marion Harris. "Freeing Voices: Literacy Through Computer
Conferencing and Feminist Collaboration." Rochester, NY: Ph.D.
dissertation, University of Rochester, 1992. 399p.
Freeman, Elisabeth and Susanne Hupfer. "TAP: Tapping Internet
Resources for Women in Computing." COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM v.38,
no.1 (January 1995): 44.
Gibbons, Ann. "Creative Solutions: Electronic Mentoring." SCIENCE
v.255 (March 13, 1992): 1369.
A brief look at an online network called Systers, developed to
connect young women computer scientists with mentors for career advice,
research help, and the like. (Part of a special section on women
scientists.)
Glass, Betty J. "Scenes from Academic Libraryland: Internetting Women:
A Guide for Non-Surfers." WLW JOURNAL v.16, no.3 (Fall 1993): 11-13.
Recommends introductory print materials about the Internet and lists
some email discussion groups and other resources such as the InforM
women's studies database.
Glazier, Mary. "Internet Resources for Women's Studies." C&RL NEWS
(March 1994): 139-141, 143.
Introduces electronic mail discussion groups, Usenet news groups,
online library catalogs, electronic texts, gopher sites, and other
Internet resources.
Gossen, Eleanor A. "Women in Nonbibliographic Databases." WOMEN
ONLINE: RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S STUDIES USING ONLINE DATABASES, ed. Steven
D. Atkinson and Judith Hudson, pp.259-280. New York: Haworth Press,
1990.
Gregory, Sophfronia Scott. "Heartbreak in Cyberspace." TIME v.142
(July 19, 1993): 58.
Describes the repercussions surrounding the online romances carried
on by a male bulletin board subscriber. When the three women
discovered each other, they announced the man's identity to the
network, setting off a lively debate on electronic etiquette.
Hafner, Katie. "Adventures On-Line." WORKING WOMAN v.20 (January
1995): 48-52+.
Herring, Susan C. "Politeness in Computer Culture: Why Women Thank and
Men Flame." COMMUNICATING IN, THROUGH AND ACROSS CULTURES:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD BERKELEY WOMEN AND LANGUAGE
CONFERENCE, ed. Mary Bucholtz et al. Berkeley: Berkeley Women and Language Group,
forthcoming 1996.
Herring, Susan C. "Posting in a Different Voice: Gender and Ethics in
Computer-Mediated Communication." PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON
COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION, ed. Charles Ess. Albany, NY: SUNY,
forthcoming 1996.
Herring, Susan. "Gender and Participation in Computer-Mediated
Linguistic Discourse." 1992. 13p. Available from ERIC: ED 345552.
Paper from the Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America,
Philadelphia, PA, January 1992.
Herz, J.C. "Pigs in (Cyber)Space." GENTLEMEN'S QUARTERLY v.64
(October 1994): 156+.
The author's experiences in the online environment.
Hildenbrand, Suzanne. "Computerized Literature Searching and the New
Women's History." WOMEN'S STUDIES QUARTERLY v.16, nos.1-2
(Spring/Summer 1988): 124-127.
While acknowledging the limitations of online searching for women's
history topics, the author encourages use of online databases and
offers tips on how and what to expect.
Hildenbrand, Suzanne. "Electronic Graffiti or Scholar's Tool? A
Critical Evaluation of Selected Women's Lists on Internet." WOMEN,
INFORMATION, AND THE FUTURE: COLLECTING AND SHARING RESOURCES
WORLDWIDE, ed. Eva Steiner Moseley, pp.215-223. Fort Atkinson, WI:
Highsmith Press, 1995.
Hudson, Judith and Kathleen A. Turek. ELECTRONIC ACCESS TO RESEARCH ON
WOMEN: A SHORT GUIDE. 2nd ed. (version 2.5) Albany, NY: Institute for
Research on Women, 1994. 50p. $8.00 payable to Research Foundation
Research on Women, Publications, Social Science 341, 1400 Washington
Ave., Albany, NY 12222.
A "female-friendly" introduction to electronic resources for/about
women, including electronic mail, discussion groups, anonymous ftp,
gophers, and more, plus a good listing of discussion groups, examples
of ftp, and a bibliography of other resources. (See online version in
"Electronic Resources" section.)
Hudson, Judith and Victoria A. Mills. "Women in the National Online
Bibliographic Database." WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S STUDIES
USING ONLINE DATABASES, ed. Steven D. Atkinson and Judith Hudson,
pp.237-257. New York: Haworth Press, 1990.
"Information Services at Women's Institutions in Japan." NWEC
NEWSLETTER v.9, no.2 (November 1992): 1-4.
Discusses the National Women's Education Centre (NWEC) project of
keeping an online database of women's resources available at the 700
women's institutions surveyed.
Ingall, Marjorie. "Hi Girlz, See You in Cyberspace!" SASSY v.6 (May
1993): 72-73.
One young woman's experience with the MindVox electronic bulletin
board service.
Irving, Richard and Mary Jane Brustman. "Women's Issues and Online
Legal Research." WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S STUDIES USING
ONLINE DATABASES, ed. Steven D. Atkinson and Judith Hudson, pp.123-153.
New York: Haworth Press, 1990.
Koch, Loretta P. and Barbara G. Preece. "Table of Contents Services:
Retrieving Women's Studies Periodical Literature." RQ v.35, no.1 (Fall
1995): 76-86.
Compares three online tables of contents databases (Current Contents,
UnCover,and OCLC's ContentsFirst) as to completeness of coverage of
women's studies periodicals, using the print FEMINIST PERIODICALS: A
CURRENT LISTING OF CONTENTS (Office of the UW System Women's Studies
Librarian) as the standard.
Kome, Penney. "Virtual Sisterhood: Women on the Net." HERIZONS v.9,
no.3 (Fall 1995): 15-17.
Part of a special section that also includes: "My Favorite Mailing
Lists" by Kome and "An Introduction to Going On Line" (Patricia
Robertson).
Kramarae, Cheris and H. Jeanie Taylor. "Women and Men on Electronic
Networks: A Conversation or a Monologue?" WOMEN, INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY, AND SCHOLARSHIP, ed. H. Jeanie Taylor et al., pp.52-61.
Urbana, IL: Women, Information Technology, and Scholarship Colloquium,
Center for Advanced Study, 1993.
Kramarae, Cheris and Jana Kramer. "Net Gains, Net Losses." THE
WOMEN'S REVIEW OF BOOKS v.12, no.5 (February 1995): 33-35.
A look at the legal implications of the rapidly developing Internet
for such issues as sexual harrassment, pornography, hate speech, and
limited information.
Lewin, Tamar. "Dispute over Computer Messages: Free Speech or Sex
Harassment?" NEW YORK TIMES (Late New York Edition), (Sept. 22, 1994):
A1+.
Three students at Santa Rosa Junior College in California received
settlements related to the two women being the subject of insulting
messages on a men-only bulletin board; the third student, a man,
reported the remarks to the women and experienced retaliation for his
actions. See also "If Flames Singe, Who Is to Blame?" in NEW YORK
TIMES (Late New York Edition), Sept. 25, 1994, Sec. 4, p.3.
Light, Jennifer S. "The Digital Landscape: New Space for Women?"
GENDER, PLACE AND CULTURE v.2, no.2 (September 1995): 133-146.
While acknowledging that the impact of technology "is conditioned by
existing relationships," Light argues that "if women are willing to
become proactive users expressing a point of view about how they want
to interact with new technologies, then they can use technology for
empowerment" (pp.135-135).
Miller, Connie. "Lesbians Online." WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S
STUDIES USING ONLINE DATABASES, ed. Steven D. Atkinson and Judith
Hudson, pp.281-299. New York: Haworth Press, 1990.
Miller, Laura. "Women and Children First: Gender and the Settling of
the Electronic Frontier." RESISTING THE VIRTUAL LIFE: THE CULTURE AND
POLITICS OF INFORMATION, ed. James Brook and Iain A. Boal, pp.49-57.
San Francisco: City Lights, 1995.
Questions the use of the frontier metaphor for the online world and
challenges the idea of "gender gap" on the Internet (and of gender
roles themselves in the real world).
Mooney, Susan C. "Global Organizing: Technology and the Goals of
Women's Organizations." WOMEN, INFORMATION, AND THE FUTURE: COLLECTING
AND SHARING RESOURCES WORLDWIDE, ed. Eva Steiner Moseley, pp.225-227.
Fort Atkinson, WI: Highsmith Press, 1995.
"Networking the E-mail Way." THE TRIBUNE no.52 (November 1994): 37-40.
Summary of "experiences, strategies, ideas, problems, issues" from
various online women looking toward the United Nations Fourth World
Conference on Women and NGO Forum, Beijing/Huairao, China, 1995.
"Outline of On-Line Information Retrieval Service (Information Centre
for Women's Education of NWEC)." NWEC NEWSLETTER v.8, no.1 (May
1994): 1-4.
Explains the online information retrieval system developed by Japan's
Information Centre for Women's Education and the types of databases
available.
Parry, Linda E. and Robert R. Wharton. "Networking in the Workplace:
The Role of Gender in Electronic Communications." WOMEN AND
TECHNOLOGY, ed. Urs E. Gattiker, pp.65-91. New York: Walter de
Gruyter, 1994. (Technological innovation and human resources, v.4)
Plant, Sadie. ZEROES AND ONES: THE MATRIX OF WOMEN AND MACHINES. New
York: Doubleday, forthcoming 1996.
Pritchard, Sarah M. "Developing Criteria for Database Evaluation: The
Example of Women's Studies." REFERENCE LIBRARIAN no.11 (Fall/Winter
1984): 247-261.
Offers detailed guidelines for examining the coverage (scope,
timeliness, etc.), content, vocabulary/indexing, structure,
availability, and overall assessment of databases for use by women's
studies researchers.
Pritchard, Sarah M. "Trends in Computer-based Resources for Women's
Studies." FEMINIST TEACHER v.3, no.3 (Fall-Winter 1988): 8-13.
Pryor, Judith and Ann Margaret Scholz. "The Article You Want When You
Want It: An Introduction to Document Delivery Services." FEMINIST
COLLECTIONS v.14, no.4 (Summer 1993): 11-14.
Discusses the CARL UnCover system, OCLC's document delivery service,
and UMI's ProQuest, plus various library projects that involve
searching databases and delivering full-text documents.
Reeves, Cheryl. "Women in Sport Online." WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH IN
WOMEN'S STUDIES USING ONLINE DATABASES, ed. Steven D. Atkinson and
Judith Hudson, pp.369-383. New York: Haworth Press, 1990.
Resnick, Rosalind. "E-Mail Goes Female." LADIES HOME JOURNAL v.111,
no.5 (May 1, 1994): 100+.
Resnick, Rosalind. "High-tech Challenge: Attracting Women Readers to
Cyberspace." AMERICAN JOURNALISM REVIEW v.16 (October 1994): 14-15.
Discussion of electronic publishing.
Shea, Virginia. NETIQUETTE. San Francisco: Albion Books, 1994. 160p.
According to publicity, "establishes the do's and don'ts of
communicating online, from the Golden Rule to the art of the flame,
from the elements of electronic style to virtual romance."
Shult, Linda. "Computer Talk." FEMINIST COLLECTIONS v.13, no.1 (Fall
1991) - present.
An ongoing column in FEMINIST COLLECTIONS that lists new databases,
email discussion groups, electronic texts, Web sites, key email
address, and other computer resources of interest to women's studies
teachers/researchers. Available online from v.17 no.1 (Fall 1995) at
URL: http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/WomensStudies/fcmain.htm
Sims-Wood, Janet and Frances C. Ziegler. "Women of Color in Online
Databases." WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S STUDIES USING ONLINE
DATABASES, ed. Steven D. Atkinson and Judith Hudson, pp.301-313. New
York: Haworth Press, 1990.
Sinclair, Carla. NET CHICK: A SMART-GIRL GUIDE TO THE WIRED WORLD.
New York: Holt, 1996. 243p. index.
Smith, Judy and Ellen Balka. "Chatting on a Feminist Computer
Network." TECHNOLOGY AND WOMEN'S VOICES: KEEPING IN TOUCH, ed. Cheris
Kramarae, pp.82-97. New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1988.
Discusses both negative aspects of computers' effects on women
(displacement of jobs, deskilling, loss of control over work) and
empowering aspects of use of computers as information managers (time-
saving, lower cost compared to long-distance telephone, networking over
wide distances) and proposes a feminist computer network.
Span, Paula. "The On-line Mystique." THE WASHINGTON POST (Sunday,
Final Edition, WASHINGTON POST MAGAZINE), (February 27, 1994): W11+.
Spender, Dale. "Electronic Scholarship: Perform or Perish?" WOMEN,
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, AND SCHOLARSHIP, ed. H. Jeanie Taylor et al.,
pp.28-43. Urbana, IL: Women, Information Technology, and Scholarship
Colloquium, Center for Advanced Study, 1993.
Worried that "women's knowledge, scholarship, and ways of thinking
are threatened now more than at any other time" because that knowledge
exists "almost exclusively" in the endangered medium of print, Spender
discusses the implications of the electronic era for the preservation
and extension of feminism.
Stafford, Beth and Yvette Scheven. "Women in Developing Countries
Online." WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S STUDIES USING ONLINE
DATABASES, ed. Steven D. Atkinson and Judith Hudson, pp.315-349. New
York: Haworth Press, 1990.
Evaluates online and print search results and suggests a lengthy list
of possible search terms.
Sutherland, Kathryn. "Challenging Assumptions: Women Writers and New
Technology." THE POLITICS OF THE ELECTRONIC TEXT, ed. Warren Chernaik
et al., pp.53-65. Oxford, England: Office for Humanities
Communication, Oxford University Computing Services, with the Center
for English Studies, University of London, 1993.
The director of Project Electra, an electronic resource on women
writers of 1785-1815, speculates on the values of computer technology
in reproducing/mak ing available otherwise "invisible" texts.
Takayoshi, Pamela. "Building New Networks from the Old: Women's
Experiences with Electronic Communications." COMPUTERS AND COMPOSITION
v.11, no.1 (1994): 21-35.
Thomas, Susan Gregory. "Women Rate the On-line Networks." GLAMOUR
v.92 (August 1994): 96.
This brief piece is noteworthy because of the coverage it gives to
women's resources on the on-line computer services such as CompuServe,
America Online, and Women's WIRE.
Tufani, Luciana. "The Lilith Information Network: Italian Feminism in
an International Context." WOMEN, INFORMATION, AND THE FUTURE:
COLLECTING AND SHARING RESOURCES WORLDWIDE, ed. Eva Steiner Moseley,
pp.211-214. Fort Atkinson, WI: Highsmith Press, 1995.
"The first Italian database that collects and provides information
specifically on what women write in Italy and abroad,..." the Lilith
network connects with other women's documentation centers in Europe,
and coordinators have developed an extensive "female thesaurus" for the
work of cataloging the materials included.
Valauskas, Edward. "Gender and Boolean Searching." ONLINE (May 1992):
88-89.
Looks at differences in the ways men and women use new technologies
and suggests that standards or agreed-upon rules to enhance
communication are "essentially feminine" and move us toward
"technologic diplomacy."
Van Gelder, Lindsy. "The Strange Case of the Electronic Lover." MS.
v.14 (October 1985): 94-95+. Also found in COMPUTERIZATION AND
CONTROVERSY: VALUE CONFLICTS AND SOCIAL CHOICES, ed. Rob Kling
(Academic Press, 1991).
Relates the experiment of a male psychiatrist who impersonated a
young, disabled woman in an online network, developing intimate
friendships with several women who were appalled when they learned his
identity.
Via, Barbara J. "Feminist Perspectives Through Cited Reference
Searching." WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S STUDIES USING ONLINE
DATABASES, ed. Steven D. Atkinson and Judith Hudson, pp.221-236. New
York: Haworth Press, 1990.
Walker, Geraldene, et al. "Bibliometric Techniques Applied to Women's
Issues in Business Databases." WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S
STUDIES USING ONLINE DATABASES, ed. Steven D. Atkinson and Judith
Hudson, pp.155-173. New York: Haworth Press, 1990.
Weinschenk, Andrea. "Women in News and Popular Databases." WOMEN
ONLINE: RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S STUDIES USING ONLINE DATABASES, ed. Steven
D. Atkinson and Judith Hudson, pp.205-219. New York: Haworth Press,
1990.
Weisbard, Phyllis Holman. "Gophering Around in Women's Studies."
FEMINIST COLLECTIONS v.15, no.2 (Winter 1994): 18-22.
Offers a general introduction to the gopher system of retrieving
information on the Internet; describes electronic resources available
from the University of Wisconsin Women's Studies Librarian's office and
the University of Maryland's women's studies gopher. (See also: "More
Gophering Around in Women's Studies...".)
Weisbard, Phyllis Holman. "More Gophering Around in Women's
Studies...." FEMINIST COLLECTIONS v.15, no.3 (Spring 1994): 17-22.
Lists a sampling of gophers of interest to women's studies
researchers, describes CARL UnCover resources, and the Veronica system
of searching the Internet for relevant resources. (See also "Gophering
Around in Women's Studies.")
Weisbard, Phyllis Holman. "Web-ster Definitions: A Quick Introduction
to the World Wide Web and Women." FEMINIST COLLECTIONS v.16, no.2
(Winter 1995): 26-28.
Wojahn, Patricia A. "Computer-mediated Communication: The Great
Equalizer Between Men and Women?" TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION v.41, no.4
(November 1, 1994): 747-752.
WOMEN & PERFORMANCE, forthcoming special issue: "Sexuality and
Cyberspace," ed. Stacy Horn and Theresa Senft.
The issue is to include a "Feminist Yellow Pages of Cyberspace,"
listing resources across the feminist community.
Zoe, Lucinda Rhea. "Women's Studies: Curriculum Materials Online."
WOMEN ONLINE: RESEARCH IN WOMEN'S STUDIES USING ONLINE DATABASES,
ed.
Steven D. Atkinson and Judith Hudson, pp.351-368. New York: Haworth
Press, 1990.
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Here are some actual online resources on the topic of "Women and
Information Technology," only a sampling of what is available.
Wherever possible, multiple points of access have been noted, including
print versions, gopher and Web sites, ftp addresses, and the like.
Because this listing is necessarily outdated before it appears in
print, be advised that there will be additions/deletions/changes in
this listing on a regular basis. Although a number of "article-type"
online resources appeared during the early 1990's, there has been much
less available lately, perhaps indicating that most discussions are
occurring on a more informal level within various email lists or via
personal email. Note that World Wide Web browsers are case sensitive;
enter the addresses exactly as indicated.
Agre, Phil. "The Gender Politics of `Exploring' the Net." THE NETWORK
OBSERVER online serial] v.1, no.10 (October 1994). 10p. URL:
http://weber.ucsd.edu/~pagre/tno/october-1994.html#net
Almstrum, Vicki and panelists. "Improving Mentoring for Women in
Computer Science Fields: Joint Panel for 1993 CSC & SIGCSE Technical
Symposium, Feb. 18, 1993." 1993. URL: http://www.inform.umd.edu:8080/EdRes/Topic/
WomensStudies/Computing/Articles+ResearchPapers
Vicki Almstrum moderates a panel of three (Paul Myers, Cindy Brown,
and Barbara Simons) talking about mentoring programs. Part of the 1993
CSCand SIGSCE Technical Symposium February 18, 1993; version posted is
March 30, 1993.
THE ARACHNET ELECTRONIC JOURNAL ON VIRTUAL CULTURE online serial] v.2,
no.3 (July 26, 1994); special issue: "Gender Issues in Computer
Networking," ed. Leslie Regan Shade. Available via
ftp://byrd.mu.wvnet.edu/pub/ejve/EUVCV2N3.PACKAGE or at URL:
gopher://gopher.cic.net and select "Electronic Serials"/"CIC E-journals
Collection" then look under alphabetic list for Electronic Journal on
Virtual Culture, v .2, no.3
Includes: "The Accessibility of Computers to Organizations Serving
Women in the Province of Newfoundland" (Ellen Balka and Laurel
Doucette); "Guidelines for an Introduction to Networking: A Review of
the Literature" (Sally Jo Cunningham); "Weavers of Webs: A Portrait of
Young Women on the Net" (Nancy Kaplan and Eva Farrell); and "Cross-
Gender Communication in Cyberspace" (Gladys We). (See separate entries
for each, with URLs.)
Balka, Ellen and Laurel Doucette. "The Accessibility of Computers to
Organizations Serving Women in the Province of Newfoundland:
Preliminary Study Results." THE ARACHNET ELECTRONIC JOURNAL ON VIRTUAL
CULTURE online serial] v.2, no.3, July 26, 1994. URL:
gopher://gopher.cic.net and select Electronic Serials/CIC E-journals
Collection and look under alphabetic list for Electronic Journal on
Virtual Culture v.2, no.3
Balka, Ellen. "Women's Access to On-line Discussions About Feminism."
(CPSR Internet Library) ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATIONS/La Revue
Electronique de Communication online serial] v.3, no.1 (February
1993). URL: http://www.cpsr.org/cpsr/gender/access.discuss.fem
A history of feminist networks, bulletin boards, and discussion
lists.
Broadhurst, Judith. "Bridging the Gender Gap." NETGUIDE online
serial] no.301 (January 1, 1996): 84. 4p. URL:
http://techweb.cmp.com/net/issues/016issue/016gender.htm
Broadhurst explores why women, according to a recent survey, make up
only one-third of Internet users.
Bruckman, Amy S. "Gender Swapping on the Internet." 1993. URL:
http://www.inform.umd.edu:8080/EdRes/Topic/WomensStudies/Computing/A
rticles+ResearchPapers/gender-swapping
Discussion of MUDs ("text-based multi-user virtual reality
environment" or "multi-user dungeon") and the gendered characters that
participants take on.
Carlstead, Sara M. "The Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in
Computing: One Student's Experience." ACM CROSSROADS: THE
INTERNATIONAL ACM STUDENT JOURNAL no.1.1 (September 1994). 2p. URL:
http://info.acm.org/crossroads/xrds1-1/hopper.html
Carmichael, James V., Jr. "It Only Hurts When I Flame: Civility Rights
vs. Civil Rights on the Information Highway." 1994. From Association
of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) WSS/EBSS Meeting at American
Library Association meeting, Miami, Florida, June 27, 1994. URL:
http://www.inform.umd.edu:8080/EdRes/Topic/WomensStudies/Computing/
Articles +ResearchPapers/civility-rights-civil-rights
Looks at the possibilities of "androgynous communication" within
cyberspace, and current gender inequity in communication.
Chaika, Melissa. "Ethical Considerations in Gender-Oriented
Entertainment Technology." ACM CROSSROADS: THE INTERNATIONAL ACM
STUDENT JOURNAL no.2.2 (November 1995). 3p. URL:
http://info.acm.org/crossroads/xrds2-2/gender.html
CMU'S SCS WOMEN'S PAGE. URL: http://www/.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/
org/women/www/home.html
This page from women at the Computer Science School at Carnegie
Mellon University includes pointers to many sources on women in
computer science found at other locations.
Cottrell, Janet. "I'm a Stranger Here Myself: A Consideration of Women
in Computing." Association for Computing Machinery, 1992. URL:
http://www.cpsr.org/cpsr/gender/cottrell.stranger
Explores the dropout rate of women computer science students, looks
at the assumptions about gender differences, gender bias in software,
and suggests ways to encourage women.
CPSR: WOMEN AND COMPUTING. URL:
http://cpsr.org/dox/program/gender/gender.html
A listing of links to a number of "women and computing resources,"
including those at specific schools, plus selected papers on the topic.
Cranor, Lorrie Faith. "An Alternative Review of Doom 2." ACM
CROSSROADS: THE INTERNATIONAL ACM STUDENT JOURNAL no.1.3 (February
1995). 2p. URL: http://info.acm.org/crossroads/xrds1-3/games.html
Cunningham, Sally Jo. "Guidelines for an Introduction to Networking:
A Review of the Literature." THE ARACHNET ELECTRONIC JOURNAL ON
VIRTUAL CULTURE online serial] v.2, no.3 (July 26, 1994). URL:
gopher://gopher.cic.net and select Electronic serials/CIC E-journals
Collections, then look under the alphabetic list for Electronic Journal
on Virtual Culture, v.2, no.3.
DeBare, Ilana. "Logged On or Left Out?" THE SACRAMENTO BEE (January
1996). URL: http://www.nando.net/sacbee/women/
This substantial series includes articles on "Women in the Computer
Industry," "Profiles" (a look at four women in the computer business),
"Secretaries and Computers," "Women On-line," "Girls and Computing,"
"Girls and Video Games," and "Raising Computer-savvy Kids."
THE ELECTRONIC SALON: FEMINISM MEETS INFOTECH. April 1992. Collection
of papers delivered at the electronic conference in connection with the
11th Annual Gender Studies Symposium, Lewis and Clark College, April
1992. Most papers are available at URL:
http://snyside.sunnyside.com/cpsr/gender/clark/
Includes: "Computers and Their Bodies: Sex, War and Cyberspace"
(Deborah Heath); "Electronic Networks: Safe for Women?" (Cheris
Kramarae and Jeanie Taylor); and "Making Minds: Sexual and Reproductive
Metaphors in the Discourses of the Artificial Intelligence Movement"
(Sue Currry Jansen).
FEMINA: WOMEN & COMPUTERS. URL: http://www.femina.com/femina/computers
Offers links to a number of computer science and networking
resources.
GEEKGIRL. 1995- . P.O. Box 759, Newtown NSW, 2042, Australia URL:
http://www.next.com.au/spyfood/geekgirl
A "Webzine" from Australia, available both online and in print by
subscription.
Heath, Deborah. "Computers and Their Bodies: Sex, War, and
Cyberspace." 1992. 20p. URL:
http://snyside.sunnyside.com/cpsr/gender/clark/Health.Deborah
Paper presented at The Electronic Salon: Feminism Meets Infotech in
connection with the 11th Annual Gender Studies Symposium held at Lewis
and Clark College, 1992.
Herring, Susan. "Gender Differences in Computer-Mediated
Communication: Bringing Familiar Baggage to the New Frontier." 1994.
URL: http://www.cpsr.org/cpsr/gender/herring.txt
Speech given at the American Library Association's convention in
Miami, Florida, June 27, 1994.
Hinkel, Susan R. "Technology and Gender." NEW TECH NEWS (March 1992).
URL:gopher://milkyway.wils.wisc.edu (the Wisconsin Interlibary
Services gopher menu) and choose New Tech News/New Tech News/March
1992/Technology and Gender
Hudson, Judith and Kathleen A. Turek. ELECTRONIC ACCESS TO RESEARCH ON
WOMEN: A SHORT GUIDE. 2nd ed. (version 2.5). Albany, NY: Institute
for Research on Women, University at Albany, 1994. (c/o Publications,
Social Sciences 341, University at Albany, 1400 Washington Ave.,
Albany, NY 12222) 52p. URL:gopher://cscgoph2.ALBANY.EDU/ then select
Academic Departments, Women's Studies, Women's Studies Network
Resources, and * * Guide by Hudson and Turek. Print version available
for $8, check payable to Research Foundation at SUNY, sent to address
above.
Also available in print (see above), this guide offers "how-to" for
email, electronic discussion groups, ftp, gopher, World Wide Web, and
other uses of the Internet for women.
Hunt, Laura. "Sources for Women's Studies/Feminist Information on the
Internet." 4th ed. Spring 1995. URL:
gopher://una.hh.lib.umich.edu:70/00/inetdirsstacks/women%3ahunt
Hunt's listing of Internet resources for women's studies includes the
basics of how to access gopher servers, library catalogs, email, free
networks, ftp, and the like, plus descriptions and access for the
numerous listserv discussion groups available for women.
Jansen, Sue Curry. "Making Minds: Sexual and Reproductive Metaphors in
the Discourses of the Artificial Intelligence Movement." URL:
http://snyside.sunnyside.com/cpsr/gender/clark/Jansen.Sue
Paper presented for "The Electronic Salon: Feminism Meets Infotech,"
in connection with the 11th Annual Gender Studies Symposium at Lewis
and Clark College, April 1992.
Kaplan, Nancy and Eva Farrell. "Weavers of Webs: A Portrait of Young
Women on the Net." THE (ARACHNET) ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF VIRTUAL
CULTURE v.2, no.3 (July 26, 1994). URL:gopher://gopher.cic.net then
select "Electronic serials/CIC E-journals Collection and look under the
alphabetical list for Electronic Journal on Virtual Culture, v.2, no.3
or use: ftp://byrd.mu.wrnet.edu/pub/ejvc/KAPLAN.V2N3
Investigates a small group of young women, asking with whom and how
they interact via electronic links, and how they view their
communications and relationships on the Net.
Kramarae, Cheris and Jeanie Taylor. "Electronic Networks: Safe for
Women?" March 1992. 8p. URL:
http://snyside.sunnyside.com/cpsr/gender/clark/Kramarae-Taylor
A paper produced for The Electronic Salon: Feminism Meets Infotech
in connection with the 11th Annual Gender Studies Symposium at Lewis
and Clark College, 1992.
"LA Times Roundtable on Women in Computing." March - April 1994. URL:
http://www.inform.umd.edu:8080/EdRes/Topic/WomensStudies/Computing/
Articles+ResearchPapers/la-times-roundtable
Participants in this online dialogue include: Reva Basch (The Well),
Esther Dyson (computer analyst), Mary Flynn (from U.S. NEWS AND WORLD
REPORT), Karen Frankel, George Gilder (fellow at Discovery Institute,
Seattle), Wendy Kaminer (writer and public policy fellow at Radcliffe),
Robin Raskin (editor of PC MAGAZINE), and Jo Sanders (of the Gender
Equity Program at the City University of New York).
Lawley, Elizabeth Lane. "Computers and the Communication of Gender."
[1995.] URL: http://www.itcs.com/elawley/gender.html
Includes the topics of "Technological Determinism," "Gender as a
Social Construction," and "Where Does the Future of Gender in a Virtual
World Lie?"
Leveson, Nancy G. "Educational Pipeline Issues for Women." COMPUTING
RESEARCH NEWS (October 1990/January 1991). URL:
http:/www.ai.mit.edu/people/ellens/Gender/pipeline.html
Discusses the low enrollment and high dropout rates among women in
computer science.
McDonough, Jerome. "Web-sters' Net-Work: Women in Information
Technology." URL: http://lucien.berkeley.edu/women_in_it
A listing of resources useful for women in library and information
science, computer science, and information technology: bibliographies,
directories, useful Web pages, organizations, and more.
Michel, Kathleen. "Gender Differences in Computer-mediated
Conversations." 8p. URL:gopher://gopher.kidlink.org:70/00/arc/KIDPLAN.RESRCH00
Mulvaney, Becky Michele. "Gender Differences in Communication: An
Intercultural Experience." 1994. URL: http://www.cpsr.org/gender/mulvaney.txt
O'Hare, Sharon L. and Arnold S. Kahn. "A Computer Bulletin Board in
Women's Studies Courses." URL:http://www.inform.umd.edu/Educational_Resources/
AcademicResourcesByTopic/WomensStudies/Computing/Articles+ResearchPapers/
email+womensstudies.
Examines the postings on a computer bulletin board set up for an
introductory women's studies evening class team-taught in 1992.
Pearl, Amy, et al. "Becoming A Computer Scientist: A Report by the ACM
Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Science." COMMUNICATIONS
OF THE ACM v.33, no.11 (November 1990): 47-58. URL:
http://cpsr.org/cpsr/gender/becoming.comp.sci
PLEIADES NETWORKS: AN INTERNET RESOURCE FOR WOMEN. URL:
http://www.softaid.net/~pleiades/
The network offers to "assist women in learning how to use the
Internet," help women's organizations/companies get onto the World Wide
Web, and "serve as a clearinghouse for information of interest to
women."
Resnick, Rosalind, ed. "Women Online: Executive Summary." Interactive
Publishing Alert, 1995. URL: http://www.netcreations.com/ipa/women.htm
Sponsored by Apple Computer, this survey of some 300 women on various
online services concluded that women are more interested in
communication uses (email and bulletin boards) than software
downloading and shopping. Full text edition also available ($495
online; $695 paper).
SEA CHANGE online serial]. URL: http://www.igc.apc.org/vsister/sea/one/index.html
Produced by the Virtual Sisterhood online list, the August 1995 issue
includes links to online groups worldwide, news from the Beijing World
Conference on Women about electronic organizing, and news of the VS Web
development team. May be retrieved in English, French, or German.
Coordinator of the Virtual Sisterhood list is Barbara Ann O'Leary.
"Sex, Lies and Computer Networks: Playing Down Power and Violence in
Virtual Worlds." January 20, 1994. URL: http://www.inform.umd.edu:8080/EdRes/
Topic/WomensStudies/Computing/Articles+ResearchPapers/pornography+computing
A summary by Janice Swan of a panel discussion including: Dr.
Caecilia Innreiter-Moser (member of Network Services at Johannes Kepler
University, Linz, Austria); Christoph Lechner (JKU Computer Center);
Bigga Rodeck (Hamburg University, Germany); Dr. Maria Bauer (Justice
Department, Vienna); Andreas Neubacher (student at JKU); and Dr. Marie-
Luise Angerer (University of Salzberg, Austria). The discussion
concerns the University's decision in October 1993 to block use of four
online news groups that broadcast pornographic material.
Shade, Leslie Regan. "Gender Issues Bibliography." March 1994. URL:
http://www/cpsr.org/cpsr/gender/gender.biblio
Shade, Leslie Regan. "Gender Issues in Computer Networking." 1993.
URL: http://www.cpse.org/cpsr/gender/leslie_regan_shade.txt
From a talk given at Community Networking: The International Free-Net
Conference, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada, August 17-19, 1993.
Shade examines the participation of women in computer science, in
networking (most lists are predominantly male, and even feminist lists
often include a large percentage of men), social interaction on the
net, and the possibilities for enhancing women's experience with
cyberspace. Another version is found in WOMEN, WORK, AND
COMPUTERIZATION: BREAKING OLD BOUNDARIES, BUILDING NEW FORMS, ed.
by Alison Adam (New York: Elsevier, 1994), pp.91-105.
Spertus, Ellen. "Gender Benders." URL:
http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/ellens/Gender/humor.html
A brief collection of humorous incidents in the lives of women
computer professionals dealing with a world dominated by men.
Spertus, Ellen. "Thoughts on Web Pages Listing Women." May 22, 1995.
URL: http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/ellens/Gender/webwomen.html
Discussion of several (men's)online listings of the Web pages of
women, in one case with photo ratings.
Spertus, Ellen. "Why Are There So Few Female Computer Scientists?"
MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 1991. (MIT Artificial
Intelligence Laboratory, technical report no.1315) 112p. Available in
Hypertext or Postscript at URL:
http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/ellens/Gender/why.html
Spertus discusses societal pressures against being successful, how
male-dominated environments discourage women, the language
inequalities, some interventions that have failed, and some
recommendations for improving the situation.
Spertus, Ellen. "Women and Computer Science." URL:
http://www.ai.mit.edu/people/ellens/gender.html
Ellen Spertus' home page on WWW, includes links to a number of online
documents at other gopher/Web sites, plus Spertus' own writing.
"Statistical Trends in Computer Science." Computing Research
Association. URL: http://cra.org/CSStats/Trends.html
Statistical information, taken from SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 1993
INDICATORS (National Science Board), on computer sciencedegree
production, women in computer science, and minorities in computer
science 1975-1991.
Strok, Dale. "Women in AI." IEEE EXPERT v.7, no.4 (August 1992).
URL: http://www.cpsr.org/cpsr/gender/ieee.txt
An examination of the field of artificial intelligence research and
how women are faring.
"TAP References - Women in CS." URL:
http://www.cs.yale.edu/HTML/YALE/CS/HyPlans/tap/cs-women-refs.html
An up-to-date bibliography on women in computer science, with some
cites retrievable as text files.
"TAP References - Women in Cyberspace." URL:
http://www.cs.yale.edu/HTML/YALE/CS/ HyPlans/tap/cyber-women-refs.html
A bibliography on women and network computing.
"TAP: The Ada Project: Tapping Internet Resources for Women in
Computing." URL:
http://www.cs.yale.edu/HTML/YALE/CS/HyPlans/tap/tap.html
Includes several bibliographies, calls for papers, employment
resources, fellowships and grant information, announcements, a "photo
gallery" of women in computing, and pointers to other Web sites,
gophers, etc.
Truong, Hoia-An, et al. "Gender Issues in Online Communications." In
conjunction with BAWit (Bay Area Women in Telecommunications), version
4.3, 1993. URL: http://www.cpsr.org/cpsr/gender/bawit.cfp93
VIRTUAL SISTERHOOD. URL: http://www.igc.apc.org/vsister/
This "global women's electronic support network" is committed to
promoting feminist organizing through "electronic communications use
within the global women's movement." The Web site includes a directory
of international women's electronic resources, information on a Web
development team to help those moving toward an online presence, and a
newsletter (see separate entry for SEA CHANGE).
Wagstaff, Kiri, comp. "Women Undergrads in Computer Science." URL:
http://wwwscience.html.unimelb.edu.au/cielle/women/wucs.html
Some current information on internships in industry, organizations,
email lists, conferences, and other resources of interest to women in
computer science.
We, Gladys. "Cross-Gender Communication in Cyberspace." THE ARACHNET
ELECTRONIC JOURNAL ON VIRTUAL CULTURE online serial] v.2, no.3 (July
26, 1994). URL: http://www.cpsr.org/cpsr/gender/we_cross_gender or
ftp://byrd.mu.wvnet.edu/publejvc/WE.V2N3
WEBGRRLS. URL: http://www.webgrrls.com/
This "networking group for women interested in new media" includes
local chapters in addition to its electronic interface, hoping to help
women with job leads, instruction in using new technologies, mentoring,
and more.
"Women and Information Technology: An Annotated Bibliography." Urbana,
IL: Women, Information Technology, and Scholarship Colloquium, Center
for Advanced Study, University of Illinois-Champain/Urbana, 1996.
URL: http://gertrude.art.uiuc.edu/wits/bibliography1.html
This broad-ranging bibliography, while frustrating to retrieve,
includes insightful annotations on works covering a variety of issues,
from "the impact of new technology on women's employment" to "feminist
assessments of technology, case studies of women's on-line databases
and networks," and "studies that document the gender gap in computer
use" (introduction).
WOMEN IN TECHNOLOGY DIRECTORY. URL: http://www.sdsu.edu/wit
A new but growing listing of women working in various information
technology fields. Directory is alphabetical, entries including email
address, field, company/university, areas of expertise, projects, date
of entry, and more.
"Women Undergraduate Enrollment in Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science at MIT." January 3, 1995. URL:
http://www-swiss.ai.mit.edu/~hal/women-enrollment-comm/final-report.html
A substantial report (a summary is also available) examining the
imbalance in male and female undergraduate enrollment in electrical
engineering/computer science at MIT, looking at possible causes, and
suggesting steps for addressing the imbalance.
"Women's Voices: Herstory Lesson: Fourteen Forums that Explore Social
and Personal Issues Affecting Women." NETGUIDE online serial] no.203
(March 1, 1995): 136. URL: http://techweb.cmp.com/net/cybergui/default2.html and
enter the search term "herstory."
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