THE HISTORY OF WOMEN AND SCIENCE, HEALTH, AND TECHNOLOGY:
A BIBLIOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO THE PROFESSIONS AND THE DISCIPLINES

Scientific Views of Women, M - Z (310-419)

ID: GLSHW-2.5.2
 
Scientific Views of Women, M - Z (310-419)
 
Most of the entries in this section chart the portrayals of women historically
by the disciplines of biology and medicine. Many focus on the debates over the
nature of Woman, her sexuality and psyche. Some deal with perceived "female
maladies" including hysteria, depression and other nervous disorders, and the
magical powers and mystique assigned to female organs and physiology. Other
entries examine the attitude toward women expressed in advertisements in
medical journals and in advice manuals directed towards women, and the
portrayal of women scientists in popular magazines. For feminist critiques of
these views, see the following section, FEMINIST CRITIQUES OF SCIENCE.
 
 310      MacDonald, Michael. "Women and Madness in Tudor and Stuart England."
SOCIAL RESEARCH 53, no.2 (1986): 261-281.
 
 311      Maclean, Ian. THE RENAISSANCE NOTION OF WOMAN: A STUDY IN THE
FORTUNES OF SCHOLASTICISM AND MEDICAL SCIENCE IN EUROPEAN INTELLECTUAL LIFE.
Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
 
 312      Magner, Lois. "Women and the Scientific Idiom: Textual Episodes from
Wollstonecraft, Fuller, Gilman, and Firestone." SIGNS 4, no.1 (Autumn 1978):
61-80. Demonstrates how feminist theorists incorporated the scientific
paradigms of their times into their writings.
 
 313      Maines, Rachel. "Socially Camouflaged Technologies: The Case of the
Electromagnetic Vibrator." IEEE TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE MAGAZINE 8, no.2 (June
1989): 3-11.
 
 314      Martin, Emily. "Medical Metaphors of Women's Bodies: Menstruation and
Menopause." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 18 (1988): 237-254.
 
 315      Martin, Emily. THE WOMAN IN THE BODY: A CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF
REPRODUCTION. Boston: Beacon, 1987. See section two, "Science as a Cultural
System." Martin, an anthropologist, compares medical metaphors for
menstruation, childbirth, and menopause to women's own description of these
events.
 
 316      Massey, Marilyn Chapin. "Feminine Soul: The Fate of an Ideal."
Boston: Beacon, 1985.
 
 317      Masson, Jeffrey Moussaieff. A DARK SCIENCE: WOMEN, SEXUALITY, AND
PSYCHIATRY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1986.
 
 318      McGovern, Constance M. "Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, and Women in
America: An Historical Note." PSYCHOANALYTIC REVIEW 71 (1984): 541-552.
 
 319      McLaren, Angus. SEXUALITY AND SOCIAL ORDER: THE DEBATE OVER THE
FERTILITY OF WOMEN AND WORKERS IN FRANCE, 1770-1920. New York: Holmes & Meier,
1983.
 
 320      McReynolds, Rosalee. "The Sexual Politics of Illness in Turn of the
Century Libraries." LIBRARIES & CULTURE 25 (Spring 1990): 194-217.
 
 321      Merchant, Carolyn. THE DEATH OF NATURE: WOMEN, ECOLOGY AND THE
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION. New York: Harper and Row, 1980. Historical exploration
of the interconnection of women and nature in Western scientific thought
between 1500 and 1700. Illustrated.
 
 322      Merchant, Carolyn. "Isis' Consciousness Raised." ISIS 73, no.268
(September 1982): 398-409. On the Western scientific view; the role of
language, image, and metaphor in scientific and historical writing; and the
study of women.
 
 323      Micale, Mark S. "Hysteria and Its Historiography: A Review of Past
and Present Writings." Part I: HISTORY OF SCIENCE 27, no.3 (September 1989):
223-261. Part II: HISTORY OF SCIENCE 27, no.4 (December 1989): 319-351.
 
 324      Micale, Mark S. "Hysteria Male/Hysteria Female: Reflections on
Comparative Gender Construction in Nineteenth-Century France and Britain." In
SCIENCE AND SENSIBILITY: GENDER AND SCIENTIFIC ENQUIRY, 1780-1945, ed. by
Marina Benjamin, pp.200-237. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1991.
 
 325      Mitchinson, Wendy. "Gender and Insanity as Characteristics of the
Insane: A Nineteenth-Century Case." CANADIAN BULLETIN OF MEDICAL
HISTORY/BULLETIN CANADIEN D'HISTOIRE DE LA MEDICINE 4 (Winter 1987): 99-117.
 
 326      Mitchinson, Wendy. "Historical Attitudes Toward Women and
Childbirth." ATLANTIS 4, no.2, part 2 (Spring 1979): 13-34. Focus on Canada.
 
 327      Mitchinson, Wendy. "Hysteria and Insanity in Women: A Nineteenth-
Century Canadian Perspective." JOURNAL OF CANADIAN STUDIES/REVUE D' TUDES
CANADIENNES 21 (Fall 1986): 87-105.
 
 328      Mitchinson, Wendy. "Medical Perceptions of Female Sexuality: A Late
Nineteenth Century Case." SCIENTIA CANADENSIS 9 (1985): 67-81.
 
 329      Mitchinson, Wendy. "Medical Perceptions of Healthy Women: The Case of
Late Nineteenth-Century Canada." CANADIAN WOMAN STUDIES/LES CAHIERS DE LA
FEMMME 8 (Winter 1987): 42-43.
 
 330      Mitchinson, Wendy. "The Medical View of Women: The Case of Late
Nineteenth-Century Canada." CANADIAN BULLETIN OF MEDICAL HISTORY/BULLETIN
CANADIEN D'HISTOIRE DE LA MEDICINE 3 (Winter 1986): 207-224.
 
 331      Mitchinson, Wendy. THE NATURE OF THEIR BODIES: WOMEN AND THEIR
DOCTORS IN VICTORIAN CANADA. Toronto; Buffalo, NY: University of Toronto Press,
1991.
 
 332      Morantz, Regina Markell. "The Lady and Her Physician." In CLIO'S
CONSCIOUSNESS RAISED: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE HISTORY OF WOMEN, ed. Mary S.
Hartman and Lois Banner, pp.38-53. New York: Harper & Row, 1974. Expanded
version of "The Perils of Feminist History," orig. published in JOURNAL OF
INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY and repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL
READINGS, pp.239-245. Ed. by Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison, WI: University of
Wisconsin Press, 1984. An answer to Ann Wood's article, "The Fashionable
Diseases," cited below.
 
 333      Mort, Frank. DANGEROUS SEXUALITIES: MEDICO-MORAL POLITICS IN ENGLAND
SINCE 1830. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1987.
 
 334      Moscucci, Ornella. "Hermaphroditism and Sex Difference: The
Construction of Gender in Victorian England." SCIENCE AND SENSIBILITY: GENDER
AND SCIENTIFIC ENQUIRY, 1780-1945, ed. by Marina Benjamin, pp.174-199.
Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell, 1991.
 
 335      Moscucci, Ornella. THE SCIENCE OF WOMAN: GYNAECOLOGY AND GENDER IN
ENGLAND, 1800-1929. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Embraces women
in science, the scientific construction of gender, and the interplay of race,
class, and culture with the concept of nature itself.
 
 336      Mosedale, Susan Sleeth. "Science Corrupted: Victorian Biologists
Consider `The Woman Question'." JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY 11, no.1
(Spring 1978): 1-55. Demonstrated how eminent biologists "provided rationales
and prescriptions based outside science for maintaining the female status quo."
Treats Charles Darwin, Herbert Spencer, George J. Romanes, Edward Drinker Cope,
Patrick Geddes, J. Arthur Thomson, and Jean Finet.
 
 337      Newman, Louise Michele, ed. MEN'S IDEAS/WOMEN'S REALITIES: POPULAR
SCIENCE, 1870-1915. New York: Pergamon, 1984. Reprints articles and editorials
from the magazine POPULAR SCIENCE on women's nature, education, and capacity
for employment.
 
 338      Niccoli, Ottavia. "`Menstruum Quasi Monstruum': Monstrous Births and
Menstrual Taboo in the 16th Century." In SEX AND GENDER IN HISTORICAL
PERSPECTIVE, ed. Edward Muir & Guido Ruggiero, pp.1-25. Baltimore, MD: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1990.
 
 339      O'Brien, Patricia. "The Kleptomania Diagnosis: Bourgeois Women and
Theft in Late Nineteenth-Century France." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 17 (Fall
1983): 65-77.
 
 340      Oppenheim, Janet. "SHATTERED NERVES": DOCTORS, PATIENTS, AND
DEPRESSION IN VICTORIAN ENGLAND. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
 
 341      Outram, Dorinda. "Before Objectivity: Wives, Patronage, and Cultural
Reproduction in Early Nineteenth-Century French Science." In UNEASY CAREERS AND
INTIMATE LIVES: WOMEN IN SCIENCE, 1789-1979, ed. Pnina G. Abir-Am and Dorinda
Outram, pp.19-30. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.
 
 342      Outram, Dorinda. "Fat, Gorillas, and Misogyny: Women's History in
Science." THE BRITISH JOURNAL FOR THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE 24, no.82 (September
1991): 361-368.
 
 343      Perry, Ruth. "Colonizing the Breast: Sexuality and Maternity in
Eighteenth-Century England." In FORBIDDEN HISTORY: THE STATE, SOCIETY, AND THE
REGULATION OF SEXUALITY IN MODERN EUROPE, ed. John C. Fout, pp.107-138.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
 
 344      Person, Ethel Spector. "Sexuality as the Mainstay of Identity:
Psychoanalytic Perspectives." SIGNS 5 (1980): 605-630.
 
 345      Peterson, M. Jeanne. "Dr. Acton's Enemy: Medicine, Sex, and Society
in Victorian England." VICTORIAN STUDIES 29 (Summer 1986): 569-590.
 
 346      Pickering, George White. CREATIVE MALADY: ILLNESS IN THE LIVES AND
MINDS OF CHARLES DARWIN, FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, MARY BAKER EDDY, SIGMUND FREUD,
MARCEL PROUST, ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING. New York: Oxford University Press,
1974.
 
 347      Pierce, Jennifer L. "The Relationship Between Emotion, Work, and
Hysteria: A Feminist Reinterpretation of Freud's STUDIES IN HYSTERIA." WOMEN'S
STUDIES 16, no.3/4 (1989): 255-270.
 
 348      Pittenger, Mark. "Evolution, `Woman's Nature', and American Feminist
Socialism, 1900-1915." RADICAL HISTORY REVIEW 36 (1986): 47-61.
 
 349      Poovey, Mary. "Speaking of the Body: Mid-Victorian Constructions of
Female Desire." In BODY/POLITICS: WOMEN AND THE DISCOURSES OF SCIENCE, ed. by
Mary Jacobus, Evelyn Fox Keller, and Sally Shuttleworth, pp.29-46. New York:
Routledge, 1990.
 
 350      Porter, Roy. "Women as Subjects and Objects of Scientific and
Scholarly Work." MINERVA 30 (1992): 117-120. Review essay on recent books.
 
 351      Reed, Evelyn. SEXISM AND SCIENCE. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1978.
Collection of articles on evolution, anthropology, sociobiology, and
primatology.
 
 352      Richards, Evelleen. "Huxley and Woman's Place in Science: The `Woman
Question' and the Control of Victorian Anthropology." In HISTORY, HUMANITY AND
EVOLUTION, ed. by J.R. Moore, pp.253-284. New York: Cambridge University Press,
1989.
 
 353      Ripa, Yannick. WOMEN AND MADNESS: THE INCARCERATION OF WOMEN IN
NINETEENTH-CENTURY FRANCE. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press,
1991. Translated by Catherine du Peloux Menage.
 
 354      Risse, Guenter B. "Hysteria at the Edinburgh Infirmary: The
Construction and Treatment of a Disease, 1770-1800." MEDICAL HISTORY 32, no.1
(1988): 1-22.
 
 355      Robinson, Paul. THE MODERNIZATION OF SEX: HAVELOCK ELLIS, ALFRED
KINSEY, WILLIAM MASTERS, AND VIRGINIA JOHNSON. New York: Harper & Row, 1976.
 
 356      Rosenbeck, Bente. "The Boundaries of Femininity: The Danish
Experience, 1880-1980." SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY 12, no.1 (1987): 47-62.
Argues that gynecology replaced the Church as authority on sexuality.
 
 357      Rusbridger, Alan. A CONCISE HISTORY OF THE SEX MANUAL, 1886-1986.
London: Faber, 1986.
 
 358      Ruse, Michael. IS SCIENCE SEXIST? AND OTHER PROBLEMS IN THE
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES. Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel, 1981. Philosophical
treatment of evolutionary theory, genetics, and sociobiology. Defends
sociobiology against charges of sexism.
 
 359      Russett, Cynthia Eagle. SEXUAL SCIENCE: THE VICTORIAN CONSTRUCTION OF
WOMANHOOD. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989. Catalogs the many
ways male Victorian scientists found to denigrate female anatomy, physiology,
birthing, and nurturing.
 
 360      Sahli, Nancy Ann. "Sexuality and Woman's Sexual Nature." In WOMEN,
HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima D. Apple,
pp.81-99. New York: Garland, 1990.
 
 361      Sahli, Nancy Ann. "Sexuality in 19th and 20th Century America: The
Sources and Their Problems." RADICAL HISTORY REVIEW 20 (1979): 89-96.
 
 362      Sahli, Nancy Ann. WOMEN AND SEXUALITY IN AMERICA: A BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Boston: G.K. Hall, 1984. Cites medical and scientific writings, as well as
prescriptive literature, often with detailed annotations.
 
 363      Salisbury, Joyce E. MEDIEVAL SEXUALITY: A RESEARCH GUIDE. New York:
Garland, 1990.
 
 364      Sayers, Janet. BIOLOGICAL POLITICS: FEMINIST AND ANTI-FEMINIST
PERSPECTIVES. New York: Methuen, 1982. Examines the historical and social roots
of biological explanations for sexual inequality, and posits a feminist middle
ground between biological essentialism and social constructionism.
 
 365      Schiebinger, Londa. "The Anatomy of Difference: Race and Gender in
Eighteenth-Century Science." EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY STUDIES 23 (1990): 387-406.
 
 366      Schiebinger, Londa L. "The Private Life of Plants: Sexual Politics in
Carl Linnaeus and Erasmus Darwin." In SCIENCE AND SENSIBILITY: GENDER AND
SCIENTIFIC ENQUIRY, 1780-1945, ed. by Marina Benjamin, pp.121-143. Cambridge,
MA: Basil Blackwell, 1991.
 
 367      Schiebinger, Londa L. "Skeletons in the Closet: The First
Illustrations of the Female Skeleton in Eighteenth-Century Anatomy."
REPRESENTATIONS 14 (1986): 42-82. Also repr. in THE MAKING OF THE MODERN BODY:
SEXUALITY AND SOCIETY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, ed. Catherine Gallagher and
Thomas Laqueur. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1987.
 
 368      Schiebinger, Londa L. "Why Mammals Are Called Mammals: Gender
Politics in Eighteenth-Century Natural History." AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW 98,
no.2 (April 1993): 382-411. Excerpt from the author's NATURE'S BODY: GENDER IN
THE MAKING OF MODERN SCIENCE (1993).
 
 369      Scott, Clifford H. "A Naturalistic Rationale for Women's Reform:
Lester Frank Ward on the Evolution of Sexual Relations." HISTORIAN 33, no.1
(1970): 54-67.
 
 370      Scull, Andrew T., and Favreau, Diane. "`A Chance to Cut is a Chance
to Cure': Sexual Surgery for Psychosis in Three Nineteenth Century Societies."
RESEARCH IN LAW, DEVIANCE AND SOCIAL CONTROL 8 (1986): 3-39.
 
 371      "Sexual Reproduction and the Central Project of Evolutionary Theory."
BIOLOGY AND PHILOSOPHY 2 (1987): 383-396.
 
 372      Shafter, R. "Women and Madness: A Social Historical Perspective."
ISSUES IN EGO PSYCHOLOGY 12 (1989): 72-82.
 
 373      Shapiro, Ann-Louise. "Disordered Bodies/Disorderly Acts: Medical
Discourse and the Female Criminal in Nineteenth-Century Paris." GENDERS no.4
(Spring 1989): 68-86. Examines the diagnosis of "monomania," its relation to
the menstrual cycle, and its use as an explanation for criminal behavior.
 
 374      Shields, Stephanie A. "The Variability Hypothesis: The History of a
Biological Model of Sex Differences in Intelligence." SIGNS 7, no.4 (Summer
1982): 769-797. The history of the theory that men have a biologically-based
wider range of intellectual abilities than women. Repr. in SEX AND SCIENTIFIC
INQUIRY, pp.187-215. Ed. by Sandra Harding and Jean F. O'Barr. Chicago:
University of Chicago, 1987.
 
 375      Shorter, Edward. "The Rise and Fall of a `Hysterical' Symptom."
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY 19 (Summer 1986): 549-582.
 
 376      Shorter, Edward. "Women and Jews in a Private Nervous Clinic in Late
Nineteenth Century Vienna." MEDICAL HISTORY 33 (1989): 149-183.
 
 377      Shorter, Edward. WOMEN'S BODIES: A SOCIAL HISTORY OF WOMEN'S
ENCOUNTER WITH HEALTH, ILL-HEALTH, AND MEDICINE. New Brunswick, NJ:
Transaction, 1991. Repr., originally published as A HISTORY OF WOMEN'S BODIES.
New York: Basic Books, 1982.
 
 378      Showalter, Elaine. THE FEMALE MALADY: WOMEN, MADNESS, AND ENGLISH
CULTURE, 1830-1980. New York: Pantheon, 1986.
 
 379      Showalter, Elaine. "Victorian Women and Insanity." VICTORIAN STUDIES
23 (Winter 1980): 157-182.
 
 380      Shuttleworth, Sally. "Female Circulation: Medical Discourse and
Popular Advertising in the Mid-Victorian Era." In BODY/POLITICS: WOMEN AND THE
DISCOURSES OF SCIENCE, ed. by Mary Jacobus, Evelyn Fox Keller, and Sally
Shuttleworth, pp.47-68. New York: Routledge, 1990.
 
 381      Sicherman, Barbara. "The Uses of a Diagnosis: Doctors, Patients, and
Neurasthenia." JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED SCIENCES 32
(1977): 33-54.
 
 382      Sissa, Giulia. "Subtle Bodies." FRAGMENTS FOR A HISTORY OF THE HUMAN
BODY, VOL. 3, ed. M. Feher et al., pp.133-156. New York: Zone, 1989. History of
the concept of the hymen.
 
 383      Smart, Carol. "Disruptive Bodies and Unruly Sex: The Regulation of
Reproduction and Sexuality in the Nineteenth Century." In REGULATING WOMANHOOD:
HISTORICAL ESSAYS ON MARRIAGE, MOTHERHOOD AND SEXUALITY, ed. by Carol Smart,
pp.7-32. New York: Routledge, 1992.
 
 384      Smith, John H. "Abulia: Sexuality and Diseases of the Will in the
Late Nineteenth Century." GENDERS no.6 (November 1989): 102-124.
 
 385      Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll, and Rosenberg, Charles E. "The Female
Animal: Medical and Biological Views of Woman and Her Role in Nineteenth-
Century America." JOURNAL OF AMERICAN HISTORY 60, no.2 (September 1973):
332-356. Cites a wealth of primary sources. Repr. in WOMEN AND HEALTH IN
AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.12-27. Ed. Judith Walzer Leavitt. Madison, WI:
University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.
 
 386      Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll. "The Hysterical Woman: Sex Roles and Role
Conflict in Nineteenth-Century America." SOCIAL RESEARCH 39, no.4 (Winter
1972): 652-678. Repr. in DISORDERLY CONDUCT: VISIONS OF GENDER IN VICTORIAN
AMERICA, pp. 197-216. By Carroll Smith-Rosenberg. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1986.
 
 387      Spiegel, Allen D. "Temporary Insanity and Premenstrual Syndrome:
Medical Testimony in an 1865 Murder Trial." NEW YORK STATE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
88 (1988): 482-492.
 
 388      Spiegel, Allen D., and Spiegel, Andrea M. "Was It Murder or Insanity?
Reactions to a Successful Paroxysmal Insanity Plea in 1865." WOMEN & HEALTH 18,
no.2 (1992): 69-86.
 
 389      Steen, M. "Historical Perspectives on Women and Mental Illness and
Prevention of Depression in Women, Using a Feminist Framework." ISSUES IN
MENTAL HEALTH NURSING 12, no.4 (October-December 1991): 359-374.
 
 390      Stepan, Nancy Leys. "Race and Gender: The Role of Analogy in
Science." ISIS 77, no.287 (1986): 261-277.
 
 391      Stephens, Jane. "Breezes of Discontent: A Historical Perspective of
Anxiety Based Illnesses Among Women." JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CULTURE 8 (Winter
1985): 11-16.
 
 392      Stevens, Patricia E., and Hall, Joanne M. "A Critical Historical
Analysis of the Medical Construction of Lesbianism." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
HEALTH SERVICE 21 (1991): 291-307.
 
 393      Theriot, Nancy M. "Diagnosing Unnatural Motherhood: Nineteenth-
Century Physicians and Puerperal Insanity." AMERICAN STUDIES 30 (Fall 1989):
69-88.
 
 394      Theriot, Nancy M. "Psychosomatic Illness in History: The `Green
Sickness' Among Nineteenth-Century Adolescent Girls." JOURNAL OF PSYCHOHISTORY
15 (Spring 1988): 461-480.
 
 395      Thomas, Samuel J. "Nostrum Advertising and the Image of Woman as
Invalid in Late Victorian America." JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CULTURE 5, no.3 (Fall
1982): 104-12.
 
 396      Todd, Alexandra Dundas. INTIMATE ADVERSARIES: CULTURAL CONFLICT
BETWEEN DOCTORS AND WOMEN PATIENTS. Philadelphia, PA: University of
Pennsylvania Press, 1989.
 
 397      Tomaselli, Sylvana. "Collecting Women: The Female in Scientific
Biography." SCIENCE AS CULTURE 4 (1988): 95-106.
 
 398      Tomaselli, Sylvana. "Reflections on the History of the Science of
Woman." HISTORY OF SCIENCE 29, part 2, no.84 (June 1, 1991): 185-205.
Historical look at how women have been perceived from the late Middle Ages
through modern times by "Great Men."
 
 399      Tomes, Nancy. "Devils in the Heart: A Nineteenth-Century Perspective
on Women and Depression." TRANSACTIONS & STUDIES OF THE COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS
OF PHILADELPHIA Series 5, 13 (1991): 363-386.
 
 400      Tomes, Nancy. "Historical Perspectives on Women and Mental Illness."
In WOMEN, HEALTH, AND MEDICINE IN AMERICA: A HISTORICAL HANDBOOK, ed. by Rima
D. Apple, pp.143-171. New York: Garland, 1990.
 
 401      Treckel, Paula A. "Breastfeeding and Maternal Sexuality in Colonial
America." JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY HISTORY 29 (1989): 25-52.
 
 402      Trecker, Janice Law. "Sex, Science, and Education." AMERICAN
QUARTERLY 26, no.4 (October 1974): 352-366. Examines 19th-century scientific
and medical opposition to higher education for women.
 
 403      Tuana, Nancy. THE LESS NOBLE SEX: SCIENTIFIC, RELIGIOUS, AND
PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTIONS OF WOMAN'S NATURE. Bloomington: Indiana University
Press, 1993. "Examines the persistence of the Western view of woman as
inferior" -- publisher.
 
 404      Ussher, Jane M. THE PSYCHOLOGY OF THE FEMALE BODY. New York:
Routledge, 1989. Includes chapters on nineteenth and twentieth century madness.
 
 405      Ussher, Jane M. WOMEN'S MADNESS: MISOGYNY OR MENTAL ILLNESS? Amherst,
MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1992.
 
 406      Valdiserri, Ronald O. "Menstruation and Medical Theory: An Historical
Overview." JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL WOMEN'S ASSOCIATION 38, no.3 (1983):
66-70.
 
 407      Van Deth, Ron, and Vandereycken, Walter. "Was Nervous Consumption a
Precursor of Anorexia Nervosa?" JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE AND ALLIED
SCIENCES 46 (January 1991): 3-19.
 
 408      Veith, Ilza. HYSTERIA: THE HISTORY OF DISEASE. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1965.
 
 409      Walsh, Mary Roth. "The Quirls of a Woman's Brain." BIOLOGICAL WOMAN -
THE CONVENIENT MYTH, ed. by Ruth Hubbard, Mary Sue Henifin, and Barbara Fried,
pp.241-263. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman, 1982.
 
 410      Warren, Carol A.B. MADWIVES: SCHIZOPHRENIC WOMEN IN THE 1950s. New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.
 
 411      Warsh, Cheryl Krasnick. "The First Mrs. Rochester: Wrongful
Confinement, Social Redundancy, and Commitment to the Private Asylum."
HISTORICAL PAPERS/COMMUNICATIONS HISTORIQUE (1988): 145-167.
 
 412      Wattley, L.A. "Male Physicians and Female Health and Sexuality in
19th Century English and American Society." JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING 8, no.5
(September 1983): 423-428.
 
 413      Weeks, Jeffrey. SEX, POLITICS, AND SOCIETY: THE REGULATION OF
SEXUALITY SINCE 1800. New York: Longman, 1983. Sex in Victorian society;
scientific and reforming concepts; sexuality, consciousness, social policy.
 
 414      Weinberg, Martin S., Swensson, Rochelle Ganz, and Hammersmith, Sue
Kiefer. "Sexual Autonomy and the Status of Women: Models of Female Sexuality in
U.S. Sex Manuals fron 1950 to 1980." SOCIAL PROBLEMS 30 (1983): 312-324.
 
 415      Wilson, Lindsay. WOMEN AND MEDICINE IN THE FRENCH ENLIGHTENMENT: THE
DEBATE OVER MALADIES DES FEMMES. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press,
1993.
 
 416      Wilson, Philip K. "`Out of Sight, Out of Mind?': The Daniel Turner-
James Blondel Dispute Over the Power of the Maternal Imagination." ANNALS OF
SCIENCE 49 (1992): 63-85.
 
 417      Wood, Ann Douglas. "The Fashionable Diseases: Women's Complaints and
Their Treatment in Nineteenth-Century America." JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY
HISTORY 4, no.1 (Summer 1973): 25-52. See Regina Markell Morantz, "The Lady and
Her Physician," cited above, for a response to Wood's article. Repr. in CLIO'S
CONSCIOUSNESS RAISED: NEW PERSPECTIVES ON THE HISTORY OF WOMEN, pp.1-22. Ed. by
Mary S. Hartman and Lois Banner. New York: Harper & Row, 1974. Also repr. in
WOMEN AND HEALTH IN AMERICA: HISTORICAL READINGS, pp.222-238. Ed. by Judith
Walzer Leavitt. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.
 
 418      Wood, Charles T. "The Doctor's Dilemma: Sin, Salvation, and the
Menstrual Cycle in Medieval Thought." SPECULUM 56 (1981): 710-727.
 
 419      Zschoche, Sue. "Dr. Clarke Revisited: Science, True Womanhood, and
Female Collegiate Education." HISTORY OF EDUCATION QUARTERLY 29 (Winter 1989):
545-569.

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